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For Europe, particularly NATO countries bordering Russia, this dual challenge is highly relevant. Escalation control in a nuclear context demands clear communication channels and pre-defined red lines. Simultaneously, governments must be ready to wage an information war, leveraging open-source intelligence and rapid-response communication strategies to maintain public trust and shape narratives.

Lessons from the India vs Pakistan air clash: a wake-up call for Europe

By: EBR | Wednesday, May 14, 2025

While Europe’s attention remains fixed on Ukraine, the recent short but intense air conflict between India and Pakistan offers valuable lessons for future air warfare—particularly for Nato defence planners

Never mind that Rama’s close allies have an unfortunate habit of ending up in court. Just this February, the Mayor of Tirana, Erion Veliaj, was placed in pre-trial detention on charges of corruption and money laundering. In 2022, it was former Interior Minister Saimir Tahiri who received a prison sentence for his ties to drug traffickers.

The Brief – Edi Rama, everybody’s friend

By: EBR | Tuesday, May 13, 2025

Rama’s supporters are thrilled with his fourth term. But election results are entirely predictable in a well-managed country.

Pope Leo XIV certainly is a polyglot. He is, of course, the first American to be elected pope. Leo XIV is also the first pope to hold dual citizenship and, therefore, he also is the first Peruvian pope in history.Pope Leo XIV lived for over 20 years in Peru. Finally, it has been disclosed in recent days that Leo XIV has Creole roots on his maternal grandparents’ side.

Pope Leo XIV: A True American Globalist

By: EBR | Monday, May 12, 2025

How the election of Pope Leo XIV may spiritually reset the clock on spreading nationalism

We may well be seeing the smashing of the compact reached in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, at the Mount Washington Hotel back in 1944. Representatives of 44 allied nations met under U.S. and U.K. leadership to establish multilateral economic institutions to ensure that the post-Second World War world would be guided by a true spirit of partnership, cooperation and goodwill.

Destroying the U.S.’s last global bridges?

By: EBR | Thursday, May 8, 2025

U.S. President Donald Trump took a sledgehammer to the international trading system. Now, he is going to do the same to the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and global poverty funding.

They even beat Labour, who had just won a record breaking majority in a General Election in 2024, in a by-election to parliament. Analysts pointed to the party’s appeal among working-class Labour voters — a blend of old left-wing economic messaging, such as support for trade unions and reindustrialisation, combined with hard-right stances on immigration and “anti-woke” rhetoric.

The end of Left vs Right: Populism is redrawing Global Politics

By: EBR | Wednesday, May 7, 2025

Nigel Farage’s Reform UK success in the local elections highlights how identity, nationalism, and culture wars are replacing the traditional political divide

Whether Europeans are willing and able to compensate for Trump’s scrapping of US support remains to be seen. The EU’s €300bn Global Gateway strategy for 2021-27 aims chiefly at climate and energy projects, with health and education accounting for only 16 per cent. It’s hard to see the EU having either the cash or the political bandwidth to launch a yet more ambitious effort.

Trump’s axing of US aid hands the EU a global leadership role

By: EBR | Tuesday, May 6, 2025

Donald Trump’s Blitzkrieg of chaos is eclipsing urgent problems that put the future of the planet, and perhaps mankind, at risk

As it turns out, Farage is also a great advocate of European proportional voting systems. Lately, he has even started extolling the benefits of European health insurance schemes to replace Britain’s taxpayer-funded National Health Service. The NHS was set up by Labour in 1948 and is now akin to a state religion for most Brits.

A Brexit-Damaged England Now Embraces Continental European Politics

By: EBR | Monday, May 5, 2025

Britain now looks more like most EU member states where four, five or more parties all lay claim to votes and posts in government at the national and local level

While countries like France, Italy, and the UK do possess blue water navies, they are dwarfed by their American counterpart. They will struggle to be everywhere all at once, as is required to secure global shipping. Consequently, Europe will have a fundamental problem breaking out of its “Permanent Suez” and securing minerals for its industrial supply chains.

Ukraine’s not so critical mineral deposits

By: EBR | Wednesday, April 23, 2025

As Trump pursues trade wars and the annexation of territories for natural resources, access to Ukraine’s minerals could strain transatlantic relations. Given Europe’s lack of resources and limited military power to secure supplies, even Ukraine’s modest wealth might be worth negotiating for

This moment is bigger than internal politics. It is a test of whether the Catholic Church can evolve with its flock, or retreat into old centres of power. Francis wore simple shoes, but his successor must be ready to walk a world stage with complexity, courage, and conviction. Especially challenging when international relations are becoming even more fragmented.

Who comes after Pope Francis? The Catholic Church faces a global power shift

By: EBR | Wednesday, April 23, 2025

As Europe’s influence fades, the next pope could come from the Global South, reshaping the future of Catholicism

The EU–UK defence pact promises stronger military planning, cyber defence collaboration, and intelligence sharing, all essential as global threats escalate. Instead, Brussels appears petty, fragmented, and unserious. Adversaries like Russia and China are surely watching with interest.

EU-UK Defence Pact snagged in a fishing net

By: EBR | Wednesday, April 16, 2025

How can Europe expect to be seen as a serious power when fish takes priority over closer defence ties with the UK?

Global policymakers find themselves in a situation where they must juggle several massive challenges from trade restrictions (real or contemplated) to rising public sector debt to the threats of climate change.Their decisions and policy paths, be they globally coordinated or not, will impact the world’s real economy.

Major economic upheavals: A brief economic history of the last 100 Years

By: EBR | Wednesday, April 9, 2025

Looking into the future back from the 1920s, 1950s, 1970s and 2000s: What we have to expect from a world hobbling from stagflation to deflation

In his article, he stated that his priority was to keep calm and fight for the best deal. In contrast, the Commission President took a more aggressive stance in her initial statement, saying she was already working on countermeasures. This further fuelled fears of a trade war between the two blocs and, of course, scared the markets even more.

The Trump tariffs: A tale of two leaders

By: EBR | Tuesday, April 8, 2025

As Trump’s ‘Liberation Day’ tariffs shock the global economy and financial markets crash, is Starmer’s more careful and practical approach proving more effective than von der Leyen’s more aggressive stance?

Under a relatively optimistic scenario — a global temperature rise of only 1.5° C, populations aging in a healthy manner and significant improvements in information and communications technologies (ICT) production capacity — the projected increase in poverty by 2040 is 199.8 million people — or 6.5% of the total population in the Asia-Pacific region.

How and why poverty may increase in Asia

By: EBR | Friday, April 4, 2025

Urgent measures are needed to tackle the negative effects of climate change, aging populations and digitalization

For France, that could mean clarifying its vital interests and going beyond presidential speeches that require explaining to be correctly understood by allies—but without sharing nuclear decisionmaking or stationing warheads abroad. Those are currently a no-go for Paris. Conventional forces, missile defense, and deep precision strikes must also be part of the equation. Instead of obsessing over warhead numbers, why not start by reinforcing French deployments on NATO’s Eastern flank?

Taking the pulse: Can Europeans build their independent extended nuclear deterrent?

By: EBR | Thursday, April 3, 2025

Confronted with a U.S. disengagement and the Russian threat, Europeans are reconsidering their stance on nuclear deterrence. Given the capabilities of the French and British arsenals, can Europe develop an independent nuclear deterrent?

The airport itself was designed in the 1930s to offer air transport to the British customers who flocked to Le Touquet. It is located 3 km east-south-east of the city of Le Touquet-Paris-Plage on the coast of northern France. The airport has made the international news on 2 May 1981 when an Aer Lingus flight carrying 108 passengers and crew was hijacked on a flight from Dublin to Heathrow.

Entente cordial – airport style

By: EBR | Wednesday, April 2, 2025

A French regional airport is about to experience what is called “a turning point in its history.”

Mitsotakis’ announcement follows his recent visit to Israel, where he discussed potential joint weapons production projects with executives from three major Israeli defense companies. His push for industrial cooperation aligns with a recent directive from Defense Minister Nikos Dendias, who called for Greek industry participation in at least 25% of all future defense projects.

Greece unveils 12-year defense plan

By: EBR | Wednesday, April 2, 2025

Policies aim to modernize military forces while strengthening the local armaments sector

“A certain number of magistrates do not need instructions" to try to prevent her from taking office as President of France, she added. "From the very first hours [of the trial], I understood that we would be judged unfairly.”

Marine Le Pen takes aim at the judiciary

By: EBR | Wednesday, April 2, 2025

Le Pen again slammed what she called a “political decision” in last night’s televised address

Many analysts believe that an accidental launch protection system would require interceptor sites on both coasts. Such a multiple-site system might require several new large radars and would be much more expensive than a single site system. It would require an abrogation or amendment of the ABM treaty.

Brief history of ballistic missile defense and current programs in the United States

By: EBR | Friday, March 28, 2025

A Brief History of Ballistic Missile Defense.Adapted from "The Persistence of the Missile Defense Illusion," presented at a conference in Como, Italy, 2-4 July 1998

Trade in LNG started before the Russian invasion of Ukraine but has since increased sharply.

Russian LNG imports into the EU increased by almost 20 percent last year

By: N. Peter Kramer | Wednesday, March 26, 2025

Trade in LNG started before the Russian invasion of Ukraine but has since increased sharply

Despite this, development and humanitarian aid often remain a small fraction of overall government spending. Another challenge with expanding soft power while also investing in military capabilities can strain EU resources and political capital, so requiring careful prioritisation.

Why the EU can’t afford to overlook Soft Power

By: EBR | Wednesday, March 19, 2025

As Europe builds up its military ambitions in a world driven by hard power, it must not neglect the strategic influence of soft power in shaping international affairs and relations with the Global South

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EU Actually

Danish social democratic prime minister Mette Frederiksen sometimes tougher on migration than Giorgia Meloni

N. Peter KramerBy: N. Peter Kramer

With her country holding the rotating EU presidency the second half of 2025, Danish prime minister Mette Frederiksen is advocating a stronger EU with more defence and less migration

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Greek MEPs demand tariff-free trade in medicines as new deadline looms

Greek MEPs demand tariff-free trade in medicines as new deadline looms

Greek MEPs Papandreou and Tsiodras warn that US pharma tariffs threaten health and supply chains, urging the Commission to react accordingly.

Business

To save the Single Market, bring back Delors’ 1992 playbook

To save the Single Market, bring back Delors’ 1992 playbook

Most people familiar with EU affairs know the single market is a myth. Hailed as the bedrock of the European Union, it was never completed and is now crumbling.

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